Crops, 

Origin,

Edible  Part.

Botanical

Name &

Family

Soil

Climate

Varieties

Special

Horticultural practices

Propagation method

Seed Rate,

Spacing &

Planting season

Fertilizer dose

Maturity Indices

Harvesting

Yield

Pests

Diseases

Physiol ogical

Disorde

r

Tomato,

 

(South

America) Fruits

Lycopersicon esculentum

 

(Solanaceae)

Well drain, sandy loam,

PH-6-7.5

Warm &

Humid, Temp.

21-270 C  

Pusa Ruby, Sioux,

Dhanshree, Rajshree,

Pusa Gaurav, Arka Vikas, Arka Saurabh, Pusa Sheetal.

Stacking

 

Seed

400-500 g/ha,

60 x 45 cm,

Kharif & Rabi.

FYM-25 t/ha,

100:50:50 Kg NPK/ha

Mature Green stage, Pink

Stage, Ripe

Stage, Fully Ripe Stage.

Harvesting done manually by

plucking at

different stage of maturity.

25-30 t/ha, F1-

50-60 t/ha

Fruit borer,

White fly,

Thrips, leaf minor.

 Early blight, late blight,

leaf curl virus

(WF), Spotted wilt virus

(Thrips)

Cracking,

Blotchy ripening,

Blossom end rot etc.

Brinjal

( Indo-

Burma or

India)

Fruits 

Solanum melongena

(Solanaceae)

Well drain, sandy loam, red lateritic,

PH-6-6.5

Warm &

Humid, Temp.

18-220 C

Pusa Purple Long, Pusa  Kranti,

Pusa Anmol,

Manjri Gota, Krishna,

Pragati, Arka Navneet, Phule Harit.

--

Seed

600-800 g/ha

60 x 60 cm, 

60 x 45 cm,

45 x 45 cm &  Kharif, Rabi,

Summer.

FYM-25 t/ha,

100:50:50 Kg NPK/ha

Desirable size, colour & tender stage 

Harvesting done by cutting with a small pruning

shear or sharp knife

20-30 t/ha, F1-

40-50 t/ha

Brinjal fruit and shoot borer, stem

borer, aphids 

 Phomopsis

blight,

damping off,

wilt, little leaf

(Jassids)

--

Chilli

(Mexico) Fruits

Capsicum annum (Solanaceae)

Fertile, sandy loam,

 PH-6-8

Warm &

Humid, Temp. 

Pusa Jwala, Agnirekha,

Pusa Sadabahar, Pant C1, Arka Mohini, Arka Gaurav, Arka Lohit.

--

Seed

1-1.5 Kg/ha,

60 x 45 cm,

45 x 45 cm & Kharif, Rabi, Summer. 

FYM-25 t/ha,

100:50:50 Kg NPK/ha

Harvested at two stages Green in colour & dry

chilli when red in colour.

Fruit are picked either green or fully red ripen.

5-7 t/ha

Thrips

Anthracnose, leaf curl(WF & Thrips), mosaic

(Aphids)

Blossom  end rot, 

Frog eye rot.

Okra 

(Africa)

Fruits  

Abelmoschus esculantus

( Malvaceae)

Sandy loam to clay, well

drain, PH-66.8 

Warm &

Humid, Temp.

20-300 C, continues rain are harmful. 

Pusa Sawani, Parbhani

Kranti, Arka Anamica,

Punjab Padmini, phule

Kirti, Phule Uttakarsha.

--

Seed

12-15 Kg/ha, 45 x 30 cm, Kharif &

Summer. 

FYM-25 t/ha,

100:50:50 Kg NPK/ha

Green tender, 

Size 6-8cm, 6-7 days after

opening of flower

Harvesting done by picking of tender fruit.

12-15 t/ha

Shoot and borer,

jassids,

White fly

(WF) 

Yellow vein

mosaic virus

(WF),

Enation leaf curl virus (WF).

--

Onion

(central Asia)

Leaves, Bulb

Allium cepa

(Alliaceae or

Amaryllidaceae)

Sandy loam with good organic

matter, PH6-7.5.

Cool season grows well

under mild

climate, temp.

20-25oC.

N-53, Baswant 780,

Phule Safed, Pusa Red, Phule Utkarsha, Arka

 Kalyan, Phule Suvarna.

--

Seed

10-12 Kg/ha for rabi, 12-15 Kg/ha for Kharif. 15 x 10 cm, 12.5 x 7.5 cm, Kharif, Rabi, Summer.

FYM-25 t/ha,

  150:50:50 Kg NPK/ha

3-4 month after transplanting,

Neck Fall 60-

70%, 

Harvesting is done by pulling

out plants when tops are

drooping but still green.

20-25 t/ha,

 

Thrips, onion fly,

leaf eating

caterpillar, head

borer, cut worm. 

Purple blotch, onion smut, downey mildew.

Poor seed germinatio n, Bolting,

Poor bulb storage.

Cabbage 

(Mediterra nean

region)

Head

Brassica oleracea var. capitata

(Brassicaceae or Cruciferare)

Well drain, sandy to

heavy clay loam, PH 6-8.

Cool season crop, temp.

13-16 oC, 

Golden Acre, Pride of

India, Pusa Drum Head, Copenhagen Market,

Pusa Mukta, Pusa Ageti, Pusa Sambandh.

--

Seed

400-500 g/ha, 

45 x 15 cm,

60 x 45 cm,

Kharif, Rabi

FYM-25 t/ha,

150:50:50 Kg NPK/ha

Colour changes to light green at maturity, compact head.

The heads are cut with sickle attached with

some wrapper leaves. 

20-30 t/ha

Diamond back moth, cabbage

butterfly, mustard saw fly. 

Damping off,  club rot, black

rot, 

--

Cauliflower

(Mediterra nean

region)

Curd

Brassica oleracea var. botrytis

(Brassicaceae or Cruciferare

Sandy loam,

Well drain,

PH 6.5-7.5

Cool season crop, temp.

17-20 oC

Pusa Ketki, Pusa

Himjyoti, Pusa Snowball

K-1, Pusa Meghna, Hisar1, Pusa Deepali, Pant

Shubhra. Arka kanti

Blanching 

Seed

400-500 g/ha

60 x 45 cm, 

45 x 45 cm,

Kharif, Rabi

FYM-15 t/ha,

100:50:50 Kg NPK/ha

Curd attained desirable size, head are compact.

Curd cut with sharp knife with

2-3 large leaves to protect the curd.

15-20 t/ha

Diamond back moth, cabbage

butterfly, mustard saw fly. 

Damping off,  club rot, black

rot, 

Riceyness, fuzziness, whiptail,

browning, leafyness.

Crops 

Origin,

Edible  Part.

Botanical

Name &

Family

Soil

Climate

Varieties

Special

Horticultural practices

Propn method

Seed Rate,

Spacing &

Planting season

Fertilizer dose

 Maturity Indices

Harvesting

Yield

Pests

Diseases

Physiol ogical

Disorde

r

Cucumber

(India)

Fruits

Cucumis sativas

(Cucurbitaceae)

Sandy loam

to clay soil. 

PH 5.5 -6.8

Warm season crop, Temp. 18-

240C

Phule Shubhangi, Pusa

Sanyog, Himangi, Poona

Khira, Sheetal, Pusa

Uday, Swarna Ageti.

Stacking

Seed

2.5-3.5 Kg/ha,

1 x 0.5 m Kharif &

Summer.

FYM-15 t/ha,

100:50:50 Kg NPK/ha

Tender/ immature stage, 60-70 days after sowing

Regular harvesting of fruit is necessary,

to avoid inhabitation

of further fruit set on plant 

25-35 t/ha

Fruit Fly, 

 

Red

Pumpkin beetle, 

 

Epilachna

Beetle, 

 

Aphids, 

 

Mites.

Cucumber

mosaic virus,

 

 Yellow vein, 

 

Green Mottle Mosaic. 

 

Fusarium Wilt,

 

Mosaic Virus,

 

Bud Necrosis,

 

Powdery mildew,

 

Downy

mildew. 

 

Water

Melon

(Tropical Africa)

Fruits

Citrullus lanatus (Cucurbitaceae)

Loam &

Sandy loam best, rich in organic

matter,

PH 6-6.5

Warm season crop, Temp. 24270C, high temp

& low humidity suitable for water melon.

Sugar Baby, Arka Manik,

Arka Jyoti, Pusa Bedana  (seedless variety), Durgapura Meetha, Durgapura Keshar, Durgapura Lal.

--

Seed

3.5-5 kg/ha

2 x 0.5 m,

Summer

25 t FYM/ha,

100:50:50 Kg NPK/ha

95-120 days after seed sowing, change of ground spot color green to yellow &

dull-thud sound on thumping the fruit.

Harvested at full ripening stage,

25-35 t/ha

 

 

 

Musk

Melon

(Tropical Africa) Fruits

Cucumis melo (Cucurbitaceae)

Loam &

Sandy loam best, rich in organic

matter,

PH 6-7.5

High temp. & low humidity for fruit

ripening, temp.

20-250C. 

Arka Jeet, Arka Rajhans,

Pusa Madhuras, Pusa

Sharbati, Pusa Rasraj,

Panjab Raseela, Hara

Madhu, Durgapura

Madhu, Hisar Saras. 

--

Seed

5-6 kg/ha,

1.5 x 0.5m, 

90 x 60 cm

Summer

15 t FYM/ha,

100:50:50 Kg NPK/ha

Mature fruit separate

(slip) easily from stem is called full slip

stage, half slip stage half stem separate from stem easily. 

Half slip for long  distance market, Full slip stage for local

market & 90-125  

day after seed sowing,

10-15 t/ha

 

Bottle

Gourd

(South

Africa or

India)

 Fruits

Lagenarian siceraria

(Cucurbitaceae)

Well drain sandy loam

with rich in organic matter, 

PH 6-7

warm and

humid climate and slightly

cool, temp. 24270C. 

Samrat, Pusa Sandesh,

Pusa Meghdoot, Arka

Bahar,Pusa Navneet,

Pusa Manjari, Panjab Komal.

Stacking or training of vines

Seed

3-4 kg/ha,

2.5 x 1 m, 

3 x 1 m,

Kharif & Rabi

15 t FYM/ha,

100:50:50 Kg NPK/ha

Tender/ immature stage, 60-70 days after seed sowing

The fruit harvested at attain marketable stage, harvesting

should be carefully so fruit do not get

Bruised. 

25-30 t/ha

 

Ridge

Gourd

(Asia)  Fruits

Luffa acutangula (Cucurbitaceae)

Sandy loam with rich in organic matter

PH 6-7

Warm season crop, warm and humid climate,

Temp. 24-270C,

Pusa Nasdar, Co-1, Co-2,

Satputia, Panjab Sada Bahar, PKM-1, Arka

Sujath, Konkan Harita.

Stacking or training of vines

Seed

3.5-5 kg/ha

2 x 1 m,

Kharif &

Summer

15 t FYM/ha,

100:50:50 Kg NPK/ha

Tender/ immature stage, 60-90 days after seed sowing, 

The fruit harvested at attain marketable

stage after 5-7 day after anthesis, 

12-15 t/ha

 

Sponge

Gourd

(India) Fruits

Luffa cylindrica (Cucurbitaceae)

Sandy loam with rich in organic matter

PH 6-7

Warm season crop, warm and humid climate,

Temp. 24-270C,

Pusa Chikni, Pusa

Supriya, Pusa Sneha, Arka Sumeet, Pusa Nutan. 

Stacking or training of vines

Seed

2.5-3.5 kg/ha,

2 x 1 m,

Kharif &

Summer

15 t FYM/ha,

100:50:50 Kg NPK/ha

Tender/ immature stage, 60-90 days after seed sowing

The fruit harvested at attain marketable

stage after 5-7 day after anthesis,

8-12 t/ha

 

Bitter

Gourd

(India) Fruits

Momordica charantia

(Cucurbitaceae)

Sandy loam with rich in organic matter

PH 6-7

Warm season crop, Temp. 25300C, 

Hirkani, Phule Green

Gold, Pusa Do Mausami,

Pusa Vishesh, Arka Harit, Konkan Tara.

Stacking or training of

          vines

Seed

4-6 kg/ha,

2 x 1 m, 

Kharif &

Summer

 

15 t FYM/ha,

100:50:50 Kg NPK/ha

Tender/ immature stage, 50-60 days after seed sowing, 

Harvested at fruit attain marketable

stage for 2-3 week after anthesis 

10-15 t/ha